Entropy generation on Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Copper-Aluminium oxide/Water hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk: Semi-analytical and numerical approaches

The proficiency of hybrid nanoparticles in increasing heat transfer has impressed many researchers to further analyze the working those fluids. In current study, impact entropy generation on EMHD nanofluid (copper-alumina) flow over a rotating disk presence porous medium, Darcy‐Forchheimer, generation, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation. By applying self-similarity variables, partial differential equations are converted into ordinary equations. After that, dimensionless numerically solved by using Runge-Kutta technique, also comparison is done between numerical technique (R-K method) homotopy perturbation method (HPM) where HPM yields more effective dependable conclusion. To highlight their physical significance, unique characteristic graphs shown for profiles velocity, temperature, along with suitable explanation. velocity decreases larger values magnetic parameter, but profile increases higher electric field. It observed that both skin friction nusselt number function parameter field parameter.